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Cerita Dari Hutan

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Kita untuk Hutan

Cerita
28 October 2023 967 2
SUMATERA UTARA

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Author

Siti Aisyah Harahap

3

KITA UNTUK HUTAN




Hutan merupakan kawasan yang memiliki peranan penting dalam kehidupan. Hutan tidak hanya bermanfaat bagi makhluk hidup yang tinggal di dalamnya tetapi juga bagi makhluk hidup yang tinggal jauh dari hutan. Hutan  menjadi habitat bagi banyak makhluk hidup, wilayah resapan air, menyerap karbon, sumber pangan hingga menjaga iklim bumi. Salah satu penyebab perubahan iklim adalah terjadinya kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Tahukah kamu?, menurut Greenpeace (2020), pada tahun 2015 kebakaran hutan dan lahan di Indonesia mencapai 2.600.000 ha (2,6 juta hektar) dan pada tahun 2019 kebakaran hutan dan lahan di Indonesia mencapai 1.638.500 ha (±1,6 juta hektar). Kebarakan hutan dan lahan yang terjadi sering disengaja oleh oknum-oknum yang terlibat untuk membuka lahan. Kebakaran hutan dan lahan yang terus menerus terjadi akan meningkatkan jumlah emisi karbon di bumi yang kemudian menyebabkan kenaikan suhu bumi. Pepohonan di wilayah hutan dan lahan semakin berkurang sehingga karbondioksida akan sulit diserap dalam jumlah besar. Ini menyebabkan kenaikan suhu menjadi semakin tinggi dan iklim akan semakin buruk. Seperti yang kita tahu, semakin tinggi suhu bumi maka potensi kebakaran hutan dan lahan akan ikut meningkat. Selain kebakaran hutan dan lahan, sampah juga ikut menyumbang emisi karbon di alam. Sampah banyak disumbangkan dari kota-kota besar melalui aktivitas masyarakatnya. Kebiasaan masyarakat membuang sisa makanan menyebabkan jumlah sampah terutama sampah organik ikut meningkat. Sampah yang tertumpuk akan membusuk lalu menghasilkan gas metana yang dapat merusak lapisan ozon. Jika kebiasaan ini terjadi terus-menerus maka sampah akan menjadi masalah besar kedepannya.  



Perubahan iklim yang kita rasakan saat ini tidak serta merta terjadi begitu saja. Perubahan iklim terjadi secara perlahan yang tanpa kita sadari, kita telah berada diperubahan yang cukup ekstrim. Banyak dampak buruk yang kita rasakan dari perubahan iklim seperti kenaikan suhu bumi, perubahan cuaca ekstrim, kerusakan ekosistem dan lingkungan, penurunan keanekaragaman hayati hingga terjadinya kepunahan, kenaikan permukaan air laut akibat mencairnya gletser, menurunnya kesehatan masyarakat, hingga penurunan kualitas dan kuantitas pangan bagi masyarakat. Setiap dampak yang kita rasakan saling berkaitan satu sama lain. Kerusakan ekosistem dan lingkungan akan memengaruhi keanekaragaman hayati, menyebabkan fluktuasi populasi pada beberapa jenis satwa hingga terganggunya rantai makanan di alam. Satwa yang hidup di hutan akan kehilangan habitatnya akibat kebakaran hutan sehingga satwa tersebut sering dijumpai di pemukiman masyarakat sekitar hutan. Penurunan kesehatan juga terjadi seperti banyaknya masyarakat yang terkena penyakit malaria, diare, demam berdarah hingga malnutrisi. Perubahan cuaca ekstrim juga memengaruhi kualitas dan kuantitas pangan bagi masyarakat. Pergantian musim yang tidak menentu, musim hujan yang terus menerus menyebabkan banjir akibat berkurangnya hutan sebagai wilayah resapan air dan musim kemarau dengan suhu ekstrim menyebabkan kekeringan di beberapa wilayah. Kekeringan pada musm kemarau menyebabkan tanaman pangan akan sulit berkembang karena kekurangan air sebagai salah satu unsur yang memengaruhi pertumbuhan tanaman. Maka dari itu, perubahan iklim akan dirasakan oleh seluruh makhluk hidup.



Sebagai makhluk hidup, kita bergantung pada hutan dan lahan. Sebagai masyarakat, kita harus mejaga hutan dan lahan. Untuk itu upaya menjaga hutan dan lingkungan harus kita lakukan agar perubahan iklim tidak semkain buruk. Pencegahan ini tidak hanya untuk masyarakat yang tinggal berdampingan dengan hutan namun juga bagi seluruh masyarakat yang ada di bumi termasuk di daerah kota. Sebagai masyarakat yang tinggal jauh dari hutan, sulit mencegah terjadinya kebakaran hutan secara langsung. Namun, masyarakat masih dapat mencegahnya dengan berbagai cara. Memulai gaya hidup green living menjadi salah satu cara bagi masyarakat kota dalam menjaga alam. Mengelola sampah seperti mendaur ulang sampah anorganik dan mengompos sampah organik, mengurangi penggunaan plastik, menggunakan produk yang dapat digunakan berulang-ulang, serta berbelanja ramah lingkungan menjadi bagian dari green living. Sebagai masyarakat kota yang mudah mendapat dan menyebarkan informasi secara luas, dapat melakukan kampanye melindungi hutan dan lahan baik secara langsung maupun melalui media sosial. Semua dampak kerusakan hutan yang terjadi dirasakan oleh seluruh masyarakat, maka dari itu edukasi mengenai pentingnya menjaga hutan dan lahan perlu diberikan kepada seluruh aspek masyarakat. Pencegahan yang dilakukan saat ini akan memengaruhi kualitas hidup di masa depan. 

 



Oleh : Siti Aisyah Harahap

 

 

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Greenpeace, 2020. Karhutla Dalam Lima Tahun Terakhir, Greenpeace Southeast Asia-

Indonesia

(https://www.greenpeace.org/static/planet4-indonesia-stateless/2020/10/888d60e2-lima-tahun-karhutla-261020.pdf


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